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Showing posts with label History. Show all posts
Showing posts with label History. Show all posts

Sunday, July 31, 2011

Myth and Mystery of Bigfoot

The figure was never conclusively found. There are only stories and photos of blurry still questionable authenticity. But why the myth of the great apes were present in different cultures?

Large, hairy creatures that walk like humans, which is said to hide in the forests or areas difficult to reach. In North America they are called Bigfoot or Sasquatch. In Asia, especially the Himalayan region, they called the Yeti or the terrible snowman. In South America, the Amazon region, there is the term Mapinguari, was his nickname is the Yowie in Australia.

Is it true that they exist in the real world? An old Sherpa in the Himalayas once said, "Yeti is exists behind all human minds, only those who are blessed are not haunted by it."

There or not, many cultures have stories about the hairy man. Their appearance in North America and Asia has been discussed since the early 1800's. Although already a lot of stories, photos, and their footprints, but so far there has never been scientific evidence that they exist. Never found droppings, bones, and it's body, alive or dead.

Reports of the first documented bigfoot is found traces of a Canadian trader in 1811. The name of bigfoot then widely known after the media reports about the large footprints found in Bluff Creek, California, 1959. While the most famous bigfoot photo taken in 1967 though still debated its authenticity.

Recently, the seeker bigfoot like getting a new hope when the bigfoot hair found in the Yukon Teslin residents. They claim to find the hair around a large traces left by the creature as high as 3 meters, like humans, are seen at their home page earlier this month.
 
Geneticists from the University of Alberta and hair DNA test to find out who the owner is. Researchers suspect the hair actually comes from a bear or bison which are common in the Yukon. However, when found it was something new, we may be closer to the disclosure of the mystery of bigfoot. The results of the study was announced last week.

Whatever the results of research the University of Alberta, the bigfoot myth, do not need scientific facts to always attract people's attention.
Myth or real?

Bigfoot is something tangible to those who claimed to have seen it. But opinion is divided. Some people believe in bigfoot as flesh blooded creatures, while others - including indigenous tribes in America - believe the spirits who manifest themselves to humans in times of distress.
Ralph Gray Wolf, a member of the Indians Athapaska of Alaska, said, Sasquatch appeared to help the groups that are having problems. They bring the message needs to be a change.

The same is also found in Britain, linked with the legend that has been heard for centuries. Two years ago some researchers on an expedition to the Bolam Lake, near Newcastle. They trace the appearance of being tall and dark, touted since the 18 months before. One day on the lush banks of the lake, six of the group finally saw what they called Beast of Bolam.

"What they see is not a bigfoot or Sasquatch. He is a hazy figure in the trees, and more like ghosts than fleshy creatures. Moreover, if the creature's fleshy, English is not a suitable place for them, "said Richard Freeman, of the Centre for Fortean Zoology, which one of his friends to witness the apparition.
It makes sure, the legends of bigfoot - also the Big Grey Man of Ben MacDhui in Scotland and the Grey King in Wales - is actually a paranormal creatures. "They're not a ghost or spirit of a dead creature. I think they are more complex than that. "

In his journey as a professional monster hunter, Freeman has traveled all over the world collecting stories and clues about the mysterious creatures. He found in many cultures, there are types of creatures that always appear. He calls it as a general model of international monster, which include a giant dragon and other reptiles, creatures great apes such as Sasquatch and Yeti, tiny people like short people and dwarves, giant birds, as well as dog and cat imitation.

"Maybe these monsters similar to the creatures that our ancestors encountered. Perceptions about the creature's ancestors left in our minds. Well, under certain conditions, the creatures seem to appear in front of us. "
"Being in mind the fact that often arise. If we believe in the existence of something, then what we see is often manifest as what we believe, "Freeman said.

For example, in experiments in Loch Ness, the researchers a piece of wood floating in the lake known inhabited by monsters. Wood put the evening when a group of visiting tourists. The result, most visitors are sure you have seen Nessie, the inhabitants of the lake!

Those people seem to already have a conviction about the existence of monsters, making it easy for them to say, "I saw Nessie, or bigfoot, or the Yeti," when they see something.

Well, the last sighting of Sasquatch in the Yukon, the results of laboratory studies indicate that the feathers left behind the monster turns out to bison fur. But like the previous events, stories and bigfoot sightings expected to continue to emerge. The search will continue. And the truth of existence will remain in the eyes of those who've seen it.
   

Thursday, July 21, 2011

History of Indonesian Wayang Kulit (shadow play)

PUPPET one of the nation's top arts and culture of Indonesia's most prominent among the many works of other cultures. Culture puppets include acting, sound art, music, art said, literary arts, painting, sculpture, and art is also symbolic. Puppet culture, evolving over time, also the lighting media, propaganda, education, entertainment, philosophical understanding, as well as entertainment.
According to research by historians of culture, culture is a culture of puppet native to Indonesia, particularly in Java. The presence of centuries-old puppet before the Hindu religion into the island of Java. Although a popular puppet story in today's society is an adaptation of the works of Indian literature, namely the Ramayana and Mahabharata. The second story in the puppet master undergone many changes and additions to adapt them to the original philosophy of Indonesia.

Adjustment of the concept of philosophy is also concerned at the philosophical views of the Java community to the position of the gods in the puppet. The gods in the puppet is no longer something that is free from wrong, but as God's other creatures, sometimes act wrongly, and can be a blunder. The presence of puppet characters in Punakawan deliberately created the humanists Indonesia (Javanese cultural precisely) to making  strengthen the concept of philosophy that the world is not a creature was really good, and truly evil. Each creature has always holds an element of good and evil.

In his dissertation entitled Bijdrage tot de Kennis van het Javaansche Tooneel (1897), the Dutch cultural historian Dr. GA.J. Hazeau demonstrate his belief that the puppet is a native Java performance. Understanding the puppet in the dissertation of Dr.. Hazeau it is walulang inukir (skin-carved) and seen its shadow on the screen. Thus, the puppet in question certainly is a "Wayang Kulit" as we know it today.

Puppet Origin

Regarding the origin of this puppet, in the world there are two opinions. First, the opinion that the puppet was first originated and was born on the island of Java, precisely in East Java. This opinion is in addition to adopted and raised by researchers and experts in the nation of Indonesia, also the result of research of Western scholars. Among Western scholars belonging to this group, is Hazeau, Brandes, Kats, Rentse, and Kruyt.

The reason they are quite strong. Among other things, that the art of puppet is still very closely related to sociocultural and religious nation state of Indonesia, especially the Javanese. Panakawan, the most important figures in the puppet, which Semar, Gareng, Petruk, Bagong, there are only puppets in Indonesia, and not in other countries. In addition, names and technical terms puppet shows, it all comes from the Javanese (Kuna), and not other languages.

Meanwhile, a second opinion suspected puppets from India, who brought along with Hinduism to Indonesia. They include Pischel, Hidding, Krom, Poensen, Goslings, and Rassers. Most of this second group is a British scholar, the European country which had colonized India.

However, since the 1950's, the books seemed to have agreed that the puppet did come from Java, and not imported from other countries.

Puppet culture in Indonesia is estimated to have been born at least during the reign of King Airlangga, king Kahuripan (976 -1012), ie when the kingdom in East Java that was prosperous, prosperity. Literary works are the subject of puppet stories have been written by poets Indonesia, since the X century Among other things, the script-language literature Kakimpoi Book of Old Javanese Ramayana written in the reign of Dyah Balitung (989-910), which is a recomposition of the Book of the Ramayana written by Indian poet, Valmiki. Furthermore, the poets of Java is no longer simply translating the Ramayana and the Mahabharata into Old Javanese language, but it is composed and retelling by incorporating into it the philosophy of Java. For example, works of professor Kanwa Arjunawiwaha Kakimpoi, which is a composition which on the Book of Mahabharata. Another spin is more real difference derigan Indian version of the original story, is a master work of Baratayuda Kakimpoi Panuluh Sedah and professor. Great work was done during the reign of King Jayabaya, king of Kediri (1130-1160).

Puppet as a performance and spectacle had been started there since the reign of King Airlangga. Some inscriptions are made at the time, among others already mentioned the words "mawayang ' (puppet play) and` aringgit' which means that the puppet show.

About the birth culture of puppets, Ir. Sri Mulyono in his Symbolism and Mysticism in the Puppet (1979), estimate the puppet has existed since the time of Neolithikum, which is approximately 1,500 years before Christ. His opinion was based on the writings Robert von Heine-Geldern Ph. D, Prehistoric Research in the Netherlands Indies (1945) and Prof. writing. K.A.H. Hidding in Indonesia Encyclopedia page 987.

The word `puppet 'probably derived from the word` wewayangan', which means shadow. This assumption is in accordance with the reality on the Wayang Kulit performances are using a screen, a piece of cloth, as a barrier between the puppeteer who plays the puppet, and the audience behind the curtain. Viewers only saw puppet movements through the shadows falling on the screen. At that time the puppet accompanied only by a simple set of gamelan consist of saron, Todung (a type of flute), and kemanak. Other types of gamelan and singer at the time was allegedly not yet exist.

For more making Javanese puppet culture, since the early days of the Majapahit Kingdom introduced another puppet story that does not on the Book of the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. Since then stories Bannerman; the story of the ancestors of the kings of Majapahit, was introduced as one of the other puppet forms. Panji stories are then used more for show puppet Beber. making Javanese puppet tradition also forwarded by some Islamic clerics, among them by the Wali Songo. They began puppet play story of the kings of Majapahit, in between stories Damarwulan.

Introduction of Islam to Indonesia since the 15th century also gave a major influence on the culture of puppets, especially the religious concept of the puppet's philosophy. At the beginning of the 15th century, namely the time of the Kingdom of Demak, began to use specially-shaped oil lamps called blencong on Wayang Kulit performances.

Since the days Kartasura, composing stories puppet in Ramayana and Mahabharata farther away from the original. Since the days that people know the genealogy enthusiast puppet puppet characters, including characters god, who started from Prophet Adam. Origin it continues to come to the kings of Java. And furthermore, also known as the story began to grip puppet. the standard story, and story line of the fake puppet beyond the standard. In addition there is another offshoot called the play, which was too far out of the story grip.

Indeed, because so strong puppet art is rooted in the culture of Indonesia, so there was some confusion between the puppet stories, legends, and history. If the Indians think that the story of Mahabharata and Ramayana actually happened in his country, a Javanese puppet story even consider actually happened on the island of Java.

And in the Kulonprogo own puppet is still very desirable by all people. Not only by the parents alone, but also teenagers and even young children have also not unusual to see puppet shows. Besides, the puppet is also commonly used in certain events in the area Kulonprogo, both in urban areas or in rural areas Wates in Kulonprogo.

Wednesday, July 20, 2011

Scientific facts about the Bermuda Triangle

As in the page load LiveScience, there is a logical answer to explain the loss of ships or aircraft in the Bermuda Triangle.

Bermuda Triangle area vulnerable to an unexpected storm. There is a wave - Gulf Stream - a very rapid and turbulent - swallow pieces of ships, aircraft, and its passengers. Erase the evidence of the disaster.

Not only that, the Sea in the Bermuda Triangle has a depth of up to 30,000 meters or more than 9,000 yards with a topographical conditions could 'swallow' the ship that was never found.

Page History Navy United States explained that the significant factors that caused the loss of ships in the Bermuda Triangle is a strong ocean current called the Gulf Stream.

Before the telegraph, radio and radar found, the sailors did not know there are storms or hurricanes in dekatnya.Bencana was only discovered after a change in the firmament.
The storm that came suddenly that's what causes the naval vessel lost in the Bahamas, Saratoga. -Ship and her crew disappeared without trace on March 18, 1781.

Also explained that not only in the Bermuda Triangle, many ships of other U.S. Navy has been lost at sea because of storms around the world - by surprise.
Ships and aircraft could be lost suddenly in the Bermuda Triangle because anomalous compass which can disrupt navigation systems. Problem of this anomaly ever recorded by Columbus in his voyage.

In a note mentioning that the Bermuda Triangle is one of two locations in the world that have anomalies. Another region is the sea of ​​Japan and the Philippines, which is also known by similar names, 'Formosa Triangle'.
Weather factors also contributed to why ships and planes disappeared in Bermuda. Caribbean-Atlantic weather pattern is very extreme. Local storms which cause sudden loud splashing of water that could be a disaster for mariners and pilots.

Satellite studies even prove, the existence of powerful waves as high as 80 feet or even more, occurred in the open ocean, like the Bermuda Triangle.

These waves can destroy large ships and make it to pieces.

There is also a factor of seafloor topography in the Bermuda Triangle. From benting [sand dune sea], the island beneath the sea, until the trench is remarkable.
With a combination of strong currents, boat or aircraft could be trapped on the ocean floor forever.
Meanwhile, as pages loaded Pattayadailynews, May 6, 2010, geochemist, Richard McIver in 1981 to introduce the theory of the role of methane hydrates in the mystery of the Bermuda Triangle.
He said, the landslide at the base of the Bermuda Triangle likely result in a large mud and rock slid quickly and eventually tore the seabed and the unmasking of the gas layer.
The gas is then burst and release methane which causes huge waves. The gas exploded in the water without warning and complicate any passing ship or aircraft at that location.
Which also causes an accident is a factor humans. Many sailors with adventuresome abstaining ability beyond regions serawan Bermuda Triangle.

U.S. abyssal guards had been blank the agency of allegory or fiction in the Bermuda Triangle. According to their experience, the combined forces of nature with all its uncertainty is the culprit 'defeats' man in the Bermuda Triangle

Bermuda Triangle Mystery

In the last century is estimated about 50 ships and 20 aircraft mysteriously vanished in an area called the Bermuda triangle. No wonder many people call the area by the name of the devil triangle. After nearly a century passed, there remains the mystery of the Bermuda triangle?

Bermuda Triangle stretches in the Atlantic Ocean bounded by lines connecting Florida, Bermuda and the island of puerto rico. The extent of approximately 1.2 million square miles. The mystery begins when a lot of ships, boats and aircraft mysteriously vanished in this region. According to the researchers, the region's laws of physics are violated all-out.

To date, the Bermuda triangle is still often a favorite topic of books novels and Hollywood movies. It's story was never finished discussed at these sites and paranormal mysteries, including on this blog.

Bermuda triangle name originally came from a reporter named Vincent Gaddis wrote an article titled "The Deadly Bermuda Triangle", published in February 1964 in Argosy magazine. But the legend is turned on and popularized by a writer named Charles Berlitz wrote a book titled "The Bermuda Triangle" in 1974.

One of the first story about this mystery is an event that occurred in 1918. At that time a ship named the USS Cyclops which has a length of 542 feet and carrying coal for the U.S. navy was sailing from Salvador to Maryland. The ship never reached its destination. Seekers only find the information that the ship was docked in Barbados on 3 and 4 March to increase supplies. After that, disappeared without a trace.

Another popular story is the mystery of the loss of five American military planes (flight 19) on December 5, 1945. At that time, five Avenger bombers set off from the naval base in Fort Lauderdale, Florida at 2:10 o'clock in the afternoon. The fifth plane was piloted by aviators with the soldiers led by Lt. Charles Taylor.

One and a half hour later, Lt. Robert Cox at the base received a radio transmission from Lt. Charles Taylor who said that the compass stopped working and he was confused determine the direction. Over the next few hours, the base can still receive radio communications from the five planes until the communication totally disconnected at 7:04 o'clock tonight.

Two aircraft was then ordered to fly the fifth plane to look for it. One search aircraft never returned to base. The helper has joined the fifth plane, just disappeared.
This mystery has devised various theories to surface. According to the ufolog, in the Atlantic seabed where there are headquarters of the Bermuda triangle aliens who abducted the ships and planes. According to the followers of new age, planes and ships disappear because the crystal residue that comes from the mysterious island of Atlantis. According to the spiritualists, the Bermuda triangle is the door to the fourth dimension.
According to researchers a more rational, this phenomenon can be caused by electromagnetic interference. To the skeptic, who is most responsible for the bad weather, bad luck, pirates, incompetent navigators, and human error.
Interesting, because those theories do not expire until there. A psychiatrist named Dr. Kenneth McCall has another theory. He tracks the history of the Bermuda triangle to hundreds of years earlier and found that the region was formerly a merchant ship and then lalangnya west. And he found a surprising fact. During the slave trade, an estimated 10 million slaves were thrown overboard, whether because they are affected by the disease, or as punishment.
According to Dr. McCall, ghost 10 million slaves that could distract pilots or navigators who passed by. Hmm. quite plausible.
Bermuda triangle mystery continued until 2000. At that time a British ship that sank 70 years earlier (not in the Bermuda triangle) was successfully removed from the seabed. This ship proved to be the key disclosure Bermuda Triangle mystery is more rational, that is Methane gas.
According to them in certain areas in the ocean, sometimes methane gas erupted from the seabed. These gases rise to the surface cause a reduction in the density of sea water and will lead to anything in the sea level sank. Even if the crew jumped into the surface with a buoy, still they will drown.
And in the Bermuda triangle, found some sections where the usual methane gas sprayed into the sea. This could indeed explain the cause of the sinking ship. But still can not explain the cause of the loss of the aircraft.
Then in 1975, a man named Larry Kusche who works as a librarian at Arizona State University examine the mystery of this seriously and get very different conclusions. According to him, there is no mystery in the Bermuda triangle. He writes the results of investigations in a book titled "The Bermuda Triangle Mystery - Solved."
He found many reports of accidents in the Bermuda triangle is not reported accurately. For example, he found a report about the ship suddenly lost in a sea of ​​calm, when in fact the sea when it was hit by a storm.
In another part, he found many stories written about the ships that disappeared mysteriously. In reality, the ship wreck was found and the cause of the sinking was unexplained.
In another case he found a writer mentions a ship lost in bermuda triangle. When in fact the ship sank 3,000 miles away from the Bermuda triangle.
Moreover, with an area of ​​1.2 million km2 (9 times the island of Java) and heavy shipping traffic, it is natural that there are some ships that sank there. Moreover, aircraft and ships that sank decades ago did not have adequate navigation system.
After nearly a century, the question is, whether there are still remaining mysteries of the Bermuda triangle. It seems that remains a mystery is how the Bermuda Triangle could be a mystery.
Perhaps the story and the stories we get are mixed with the human imagination. Maybe Larry Kusche's true. There is no mystery in the Bermuda triangle. Moreover, the last incident that happened was on December 22, 1967, 42 years ago.
If that fact, I'm also sympathetic to the fans who are grieving the mystery of the Bermuda triangle

Tuesday, July 19, 2011

History Of The Internet

Definition of Internet 

What is the acceptation of the internet?
The Internet is a all-around arrangement of computers in the world, can be interpreted aswell as a all-inclusive computer arrangement and a ample worldwide, is to affix the user's computer from one country to added countries about the world, area in it there is a advanced ambit of advice assets alpha a changeless to a activating and interaktif.Internet Interconection Networking acquired from the word, which agency affiliation or accord amid the assorted computers with assorted types and kinds.


A Brief History of the Internet 
In the aforementioned year, @ figure is aswell alien as an important attribute that serves to authenticate the "at" or "on". In 1973, ARPANET computer arrangement were developed alfresco the United Serikat.Komputer University College in London was the aboriginal computer that is in alfresco the United States who became associates of the Arpanet network. In the aforementioned year, there were two computer experts that Vinton Cerf and Bob Kahn, who presented or alien a beyond idea, which could be a advertiser to the Internet thinking. This abstraction was presented for the aboriginal time at the University of Sussex
Next day historic, on March 26, 1976, if it was the Queen of England managed to forward an e-mail from the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment at Malvern. A year later, added than 100 computers on the ARPANET which abutting to anatomy a network. In 1979, Tom Truscott, Jim Ellis and Steve Bellovin, creating the first-named newsgroups USENET. In 1981, France Telecom created a fizz by ablution the aboriginal TV Phone, area humans can alarm and affix by application a video link.
computers that anatomy a arrangement of circadian increasing, so it takes a academic agreement that is accustomed by all networks. In 1982, accustomed the Transmission Control Agreement or TCP and Internet Agreement or IP. Europe's arising battling computer arrangement accepted as Eunet, accouterment computer arrangement casework in the countries of the Netherlands, Britain, Denmark and Sweden. Eunet arrangement accouterment e-mail and USENET newsgroups. To acclimatize the abode on absolute computer networks, again in 1984, alien the arrangement of area names, now we are accustomed with DNS or Area Name System. Computer affiliated to the absolute arrangement has added than 1,000 computers. In 1987 the amount of computers affiliated to the arrangement soared 10-fold to 10,000 more.
1988, Jarko Oikarinen of Finland apparent and accompanying acquaint an IRC or Internet Relay Chat. A year later, the amount of commutual computers soared 10-fold acknowledgment in a year. No beneath than 100,000 computers are now basic a network. 1990 is the year's a lot of historic, if Tim Berners Lee to acquisition a affairs editor and browser that can roam from one computer to addition computer, which anatomy a network. The affairs is alleged www, or the Apple Advanced Web. In 1992, computers that are affiliated to anatomy a arrangement has exceeded a actor computers, and in the aforementioned year the appellation surfing the internet. In 1994, the website has developed into a 3000 page address, and for the aboriginal time in a virtual-shopping or e-retailer appears on the internet. The apple changed. In the aforementioned year aswell Yahoo! established, which is aswell at the aforementioned time the bearing of Netscape Navigator 1.0.

Benefit of the Internet
What are the allowances of the Internet we can get?
In accepted there are abounding allowances to be acquired if a being has admission to the Internet. Here's some of what is accessible on the internet :
1. Advice for clandestine life: health, recreation, hobbies, claimed development, spiritual, social.
2. Advice for professionals or alive activity : science, technology, trade, stocks, commodities, business news, able of associations, business of associations, advice of forums.

One of the a lot of absorbing affair is that associates of the Internet knows no civic boundaries, race, bread-and-butter class, credo or added factors that commonly inhibits the barter of thoughts.
The Internet is a apple association that is actual autonomous and has a cipher of belief which all associates are respected. Allowances of the Internet mainly acquired through cooperation amid individuals or groups after alive the banned of ambit and time.

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